In Japanese, asking questions is a fundamental skill for daily communication. At the JLPT N5 level, you’ll often use simple question words like なに (what), だれ (who), どこ (where), and more. These question words are commonly used with the sentence pattern:
〜は + question word + ですか
Let’s explore each of these Japanese question words with examples and practice exercises!
✨ Sentence Structure
〜は + 何/誰/どこ/いつ/どう/どうして/どの/どんな + ですか
- 何(なに) – What
- 誰(だれ) – Who
- どこ – Where
- いつ – When
- どう – How
- どうして – Why
- どの – Which (used before a noun)
- どんな – What kind of
📝 Example Sentences
1. なに (What)
- これは何ですか?
What is this? - あなたの趣味は何ですか?
What is your hobby?
2. だれ (Who)
- あの人は誰ですか?
Who is that person? - 先生は誰ですか?
Who is the teacher?
3. どこ (Where)
- トイレはどこですか?
Where is the toilet? - 駅はどこにありますか?
Where is the station?
4. いつ (When)
- 試験はいつですか?
When is the test? - 誕生日はいつですか?
When is your birthday?
5. どう (How)
- 日本語はどうですか?
How is Japanese? - このケーキはどうですか?
How is this cake?
6. どうして (Why)
- どうして来なかったですか?
Why didn’t you come? - どうして日本語を勉強していますか?
Why are you studying Japanese?
7. どの (Which)
- どのカバンがあなたのですか?
Which bag is yours? - どのペンを使いますか?
Which pen will you use?
8. どんな (What kind of)
- どんな音楽が好きですか?
What kind of music do you like? - どんな本を読みますか?
What kind of books do you read?
📚 Vocabulary List
- 試験(しけん) – exam
- 趣味(しゅみ) – hobby
- 駅(えき) – station
- 誕生日(たんじょうび) – birthday
- 音楽(おんがく) – music
🈶 Kanji Used
- 何(なに / what)
- 誰(だれ / who)
- 駅(えき / station)
- 誕生日(たんじょうび / birthday)
- 音楽(おんがく / music)
✅ Practice Exercises
Fill in the blanks with the correct question word:
- ________ は どこ ですか? (Where is it?)
- ________ が 好きですか? (What do you like?)
- あなたの先生は ________ ですか? (Who is your teacher?)
- ________ 本を読みますか? (What kind of book do you read?)
Answer these questions:
- 日本語の先生は誰ですか?
- 好きな音楽は何ですか?
- 学校はどこですか?
- どうして日本に来ましたか?
🔗 Related Grammar Points
- JLPT N5 Grammar List – 60 Essential Grammar Points
- そう思います – I think so
- そうだ – I heard that
- た-form – past tense; completed action
- て-form – connects actions; request form
- てください – please do ~
- と – and; with; if/when
- ところ – about to; in the middle of
- とき – when
- は – topic marker
- よく – often; well
🎯 Summary
Mastering Japanese question words is essential for asking about people, places, things, and reasons. This structure appears frequently in daily conversation and JLPT N5 exams. Practice often and apply them in real-life situations to improve your fluency!
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