By ProDev Teach | Updated May 2025
📘 Meaning & Usage
い-adjectives (tính từ đuôi い) là những từ mô tả trạng thái hoặc tính chất và luôn kết thúc bằng chữ い trong thể nguyên dạng.
Ví dụ: 高い (takai – cao), 小さい (chiisai – nhỏ), 新しい (atarashii – mới).
Chúng có thể chia theo thì (quá khứ, phủ định) và kết hợp trực tiếp với danh từ.
🔧 Conjugation Chart
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Present | 高い (takai) – is high | 高くない (takakunai) – is not high |
| Past | 高かった (takakatta) – was high | 高くなかった (takakunakatta) – was not high |
💡 Example Sentences
- この店は安いです。
Kono mise wa yasui desu.
This shop is cheap. - 昨日は暑かったです。
Kinō wa atsukatta desu.
It was hot yesterday. - この本は面白くないです。
Kono hon wa omoshirokunai desu.
This book is not interesting. - その映画は長くなかったです。
Sono eiga wa nagakunakatta desu.
That movie was not long.
📝 Grammar Notes
- い-adjectives can stand alone with です to be polite.
- To make them negative, replace い → くない.
- Past positive: い → かった, Past negative: い → くなかった.
- When used before nouns, they can directly modify:
例: 小さい犬 – a small dog
📝 Practice Exercises
1. Fill in the blank with correct adjective form
- 今日は（寒い）＿＿＿＿です。
- その映画は（長い）＿＿＿＿かったです。
- このカレーは（辛い）＿＿＿＿くないです。
✔ Answers:
- 寒い
- 長
- 辛
2. Translate into Japanese
- This apple is big.
- It wasn’t interesting.
- That test was not difficult.
✔ Sample Answers:
- このりんごは大きいです。
- 面白くなかったです。
- そのテストは難しくなかったです。
🈶 Vocabulary & Kanji Breakdown
| Word | Kanji | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 高い | 高 | たかい | High / Expensive |
| 安い | 安 | やすい | Cheap |
| 暑い | 暑 | あつい | Hot (weather) |
| 寒い | 寒 | さむい | Cold (weather) |
| 小さい | 小 | ちいさい | Small |
| 大きい | 大 | おおきい | Big |
| 面白い | 面白 | おもしろい | Interesting |
| 難しい | 難 | むずかしい | Difficult |
| 辛い | 辛 | からい | Spicy |
🔗 Related Grammar
- な-adjectives: Another adjective group that requires な when modifying nouns.
- ～です / ～でした: Polite present/past endings that follow adjectives.
🧠 Summary
- い-adjectives: End with い, describe qualities.
- Can be conjugated: Present, past, negative forms.
- Modify nouns directly: Example: 小さい猫 (small cat)
- Level: JLPT N5
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I’m a software engineer based in Japan, with experience in developing web and mobile applications. I’m passionate about technology, especially in DevOps, AI, and app development using platforms like AWS, Flutter, and Node.js. My goal is to build a website that shares knowledge about the Japanese language and IT, helping everyone learn and grow more easily in the digital era.
